Key Terms:
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Adkins v. Children's Hospital
- Reversed the ruling in Muller v. Oregan which declared that women were deserving of special protection in the workplace.
Nine-Power Treaty
- Pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, the U.S., China, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Belgium to follow the Open Door Policy in China.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Linked 62 nations in the "outlawry of war." Petition started by Calvin Coolidge's secretary of state, Frank Kellogg.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law
- Protection of domestic production from foreign competitors; boosted the average from the Underwood Tariff to 38.7%.
Teapot Dome scandal
- The illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California. It implicated Harding's Secretary of the Interior.
McNary-Haugen Bill
- Farm-relief bill seeking to keep agricultural prices high by having the government buy up surpluses to sell overseas. Congress passed it twice but Calvin Coolidge vetoed it.
Dawes Plan
- Negotiation to reschedule German reparations payments by Charles Dawes, Coolidge's running mate.
Agricultural Marketing Act
- Created the Federal Farm Board to help hard-pressed farmers. Helped farmers help themselves. Created by Hoover's administration.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Highest protective tariff every to exist in the U.S. Had about a thousand amendments after it made its way thorugh Senate; raised the average duty created by the Fordney-McCumber Act to 60%.
Black Tuesday
- October 29,1929 when about 16 million stocks were sold on Wall Streat, triggering the Great Depresstion. There had already been worries about economic when Hoover took office.
Hoovervilles
- Shantytowns that impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept in makeshift tents, their visibility to the public hurt the Hoover administration.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
- Government lending agency made under the Hoover administation to help insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments. Beginning of agencies that would grow out of the New Deal.
Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injuction Act
- Prohibited "yellow-dog" (anti-union) work contracts and banned federal courts from issuing injunctions to stop strikes and boycotts. Hoover's administration fought for it.
Bonus Army
- Group of 20,000 veterans who went to Washington to get immediate payment of bonuses promised during WWI. Hoover sent General Douglas MacArthur to get rid of the veterans in which they used tear gas and bayonets.