Key Terms:
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New freedom
- Political platform for Woodrow Wilson that included stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. He beat Taft and Roosevelt.
New Nationalism
- Political platform for Roosevelt during his Bull Moose party campaign. It wanted stronger regulatory agencies to insure that they would operate to serve public interests.
Underwood Tariff
- Substantial reduction of rates and created a graduated federal income tax under the authority of the sixteenth amendment.
Federal Reserve Act
- Established 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Federal Reserve Board which regulated banking and create national stability and they could issue paper money (greenbacks)
Federal Trade Commission Act
- Gave the power to an already existing, presidential appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce. Such as mislabeling of goods, which were suppose to be inspected under the Pure Food and Drug Act.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
- Extended the protections of Sherman Anti-Trust Act and it exempted labor unions and agricultural organization from anti monopoly constraints.
holding companies
- A company who owns a share or all of another company through stocks in order to extend monopoly control. They usually only existed to control other companies but the Clayton Anti-Trust Act looked to get rid of these types of companies.
Workingmen's Compensation Act
- Gave assistance to federal civil-service employees during times of disability; part of legislation passed in the New Deal.
Adamson Act
- Created an 8 hour work day for all employees on trains that were part of interstate commerce and there was extra pay offered for overtime. Helped workers like in the Workingmen's Compensation Act.
Jones Act
- Promised Philippines as soon as a "stable government" was established. Similar to the U.S. promising Cuba freedom in the Teller Amendment.
Tampico Incident
- American saliors were arrested by Mexican government causing the navy to be dispatched to seize the port of Veracruz. Created tension between the U.S. and Mexico and Wilson and Venustiano Carranza.
Central Powers
- Alliance consisting of Germany and Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria who were against the Allies.
Allies
- Alliance consisting of Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy, Japan, and the U.S. who were against the Central Powers.
U-boats
- German submarines that were deadly for allied ships in the war zone.
Lusitania
- British passenger liner that was sunk by Germany, pushing the U.S. closer to war and to being party of the Allies.