Key Terms:
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"waving the bloody shirt"
- Civil war imagery used by Grants party to get people to vote for him, revived gory memories of the Civil War
Tweed Ring
- Gilded Age corruption, "Boss" Tweed ran New York City Democratic party and got $200 million from bribery, graft, and vote-buying.
Credit Mobilier scandal
- A company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad for getting government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices. They were finally discovered and they had bribed congressmen and the Vice President to let it happen. Grant was first tarred.
panic of 1873
- A world-wide depression beginning in the U.S. when one of the biggest banks declared bankruptcy. Debtors' were going crazy and wanted inflationary measures like printing more paper money and unlimited coinage of silver, deeping Grant's woes.
Gilded Age
- Term derived from Mark Twain which indicated both the wealth and widespread corruption of the ear.
patronage
- The practice of rewarding people for their political support with special favors like jobs, this helped both parties, even Grant.
Compromise of 1877
- Resolved the 1876 election and ended Reconstruction. Because Rutherford B. Hayes, he withdrew the last of the federal troops in the former Confederate states in exchange.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
- Last extention on the Civil Rights Bill for a long time. It promised blacks equal access to public accommodations and banned racism in jury selection but it didn't have nay enforcement so it wasn't effective and it was later declared unconstitutional.
sharecropping
- An agricultural system where blacks and whites could rent out land from a plantation owner in exchange for a certain amount of their crops a year. Many blacks had to turn to this because they face unemployment, eviction, and physical abuse when trying to assert their rights by redeemers.
Jim Crow
- A systematic state-level legal code of segregation and they enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes to ensure full disfranchisement of the former slaves. This was validated in the Plessy v. Ferguson.
Plessy v. Ferguson
- Supreme court validated the Jim Crow Laws saying that "separate but equal" facilities was constitutional under the "equal protection" clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Chinese Exclusion Act
- Legislation that stopped almost all further Chinese immigration to the U.S. Some people tried to take away citizenship from native-born Chinese Americans but the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to anyone born in the U.S.
Pendleton Act
- Established Civil Service Commission that gave federal government jobs on the basis of examinations instead of political patronage.
Homestead Strike
- A strike at a Carnegie steel plant that ended with an armed battle between strikers and armed detectives and federal troops. It was part of a nationwide wave of labor unrest that gave Populist some support from industrial workers.
grandfather clause
- Regulation in many southern states saying that anyone who had ancestors that could not vote in 1860 couldn't vote, which exempted most blacks. This came with even harsher Jim Crow Laws.