Key Terms:
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Republicanism
- A political theory of representative government that has a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue.
Radical Whigs
- British political commentators in the 18th century who were against political corruption and emphasized what a threat that arbitrary power was liberty.
Mercantilism
- Economic theory that linked the nation's political and military powers to the bullion reserves.
Sugar Act
- Tax placed on sugar being imported from the West Indies; the first tax on colonists and lowered after many protests.
Quartering Act
- British government ordered colonists to provide food and housing for British troops.
Stamp Tax
- Tax imposed on paper goods; was repealed in 1766 because of major protests from colonists. Made colonists questions Parliament's authority of the colonies.
Admiralty Courts
- Courts used for trying violations of the Navigation Acts.
Stamp Act Congress
- An assembly of delegates that came from 9 of the colonies to write a petition to get rid of the Stamp Act.
Nonimportation Agreements
- Boycotts against British goods that was a result of the Stamp Act. No colonist was to have any goods imported from Britain.
Sons of Liberty
- Patriotic group that were against the Stamp Act and they enforced the nonimportation agreements.
Daughters of Liberty
- Played the same role as the Sons of Liberty.
Declaratory Act
- Passed with the Stamp Act; reaffirmed Parliament's unqualified sovereignty over the colonies.
Townshend Acts
- Taxes placed on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea; the revenue going to paying colonial governors.
Boston Massacre
- Clash between Bostonians and British redcoats, who fired at the crowd, killing or wounding 11 citizens.
Committees of correspondence
- Committees established across Massachusetts, eventually in all colonies, which maintained colonial opposition to British policies through letters and pamphlets.
Boston Tea Party
- Protest against the British East India Company's monopoly on tea trade. Colonists dressed up as Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston harbor.
"Intolerable Acts"
- Many laws passed as result of the Boston Tea Party; closed the Port of Boston, took away many rights of the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanded the Quartering Act.
Quebec Act
- Allowed French residents of Quebec to keep their traditional political and religious institutions and extended the boundaries southward of Ohio River.
First Continental Congress
- Convention with delegates from 12 colonies that met in Philadelphia to come up with a response to the Intolerable Acts.
The Association
- An agreement made by the First Continental Congress that called for the complete boycott of British goods.
Lexington and Concord, Battles of
- The first battles of the Revolutionary War that was fought outside of Boston. Colonial militia were successful and forced the dthe British to retreat to Boston.
Valley Forge
- Where George Washington's poorly equipped army spent a freezing winter, hundreds dieing and thousands retreating.
Camp followers
- Women and children that followed the Continental Army and provided services like cooking and sewing.