Key Terms:
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social gospel
- Reform movement led by Protestant ministers who demanded for better housing and living conditions for urban poor thorugh religious doctrine. Closely linked to the settlement house movement.
muckrakers
- Reporters who was dislike by Roosevelt. Wrote stories of widespread corruption in American society including business manipulation of government, white slavers, child labor, and illegal deeds.
initiative
- Reform allowing voters to petition to have a law put on the ballot for them to vote on. Similar to referendum as it brings democracy right to the people.
referendum
- Would place laws on the ballot for the final approval by the people; similar to initiative by bringing things directly to the people.
recall
- Gave voters the ability to remove officials that were unfaithful. Similar to initiative by bringing power to the people.
Australian Ballot
- Allows voters to mark their ballot choices in private which counteracted boss rule; gave voters more power like in recall.
Muller v. Oregon
- Right before Lochner v. New York. Louis D. Brandeis convinced Supreme Court to limit the hours of women works and convinced them it was constitutional.
Lochner v. New York
- Setback for labor reformers as Supreme Court went against a state law giving 10 hour work days to bankers saying that the right to free contract was in the Fourteenth Amendment.
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- Founded to fight against the evils of excessive alcohol consumption, and they also fought for to abolish prostitution and for women to vote later granted in the nineteenth amendment.
Elkins Act
- Law making penalties on railroads that offered rebates and to the people who accepted them. Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act.
Meat Inspection Act
- Subjected meat shipped over state likes to federal inspection after. Helped towards the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act.
Pure Food and Drug Act
- Law to inspect and regulate the labeling of any food and pharmaceuticals that were sold for human consumption after the passing of the Meat Inspection Act.
Hetch Hetchy Valley
- The location of a dam built by San Francisco in Yosemite National Park which hurt the preservationists led by John Muir.
dollar diplomacy
- Name made by Taft's critics about the supporting of U.S. investments and political interests abroad. Was disavowed by Woodrow Wilson.
Payne-Aldrich Bill
- Was intended to lower tariff rates but it was revised and put high rates on most imports. Taft angered the progressive wing of his party saying it was the best bill they had ever passed.